Elementary Civil Engineering

Mineral is a ordinary  occuring  chemical compound, generally  it is come from our planet origin and it is  look like a crystalline  structure.                          Example : Diamond , Quartz , Talc , Gypsum etc.

1. What is geology? 2.What is Civil Engineering Geology ?  3.What are the Scope of Geology ? 4.Write down the Branches of Geology ........... 5.What are the importance of geology ?   6.What is Mining Geology?

EXPERIMENT NAME : Standard Test Method (ASTM D5) for Penetration of Bituminous Materials. Purpose of the Test Consistency of a bituminous material expressed as the distance in tenths of a millimeter that a standard needle vertically penetrates a sample of the material under known conditions of loading, time, and temperature. 1.        The penetration test is using as a measure of the consistency. Greater values of penetration determine softer steady. 2.       The test is widely used all over the world for classifying bituminous materials into different grades. 3.       Rely on upon the weather condition and types of construction, bitumen of various penetration grade are using. Generally using grade are 30/40, 60/70 and 80/100. 4.       In warmer regions, lower penetration grades are preferred and in colder regions bitumen with higher penetration values are used. 5.       The test is not intended to estimate steady of softer materials like cut back which

Experiment Name : Standard test method (ASTM D36) for Softening point of bitumin (Ring and ball apparatus ) Purpose of the test : 1. This method is useful in  determining the consistency of bitumen  as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments or sources of supply. 2. melting point is the temperature at which the bituminous binders have an equal viscosity (i.e. the consistency of all the grades will be same at the softening point e.g. if two samples have softening points of 30 °C and 80 °C respectively, both will have the same  consistency  at their softening point.). 3.The test given idea of the temperature at which the bitumin materials attain a particular viscosity. 4.Bitumen with higher softening point may be preferred in warmer places. 5.Softening point should be higher than the hottest day temperature, which is anticipated in that area otherwise bitumen may sufficiently soften. APPARATUS Rings   : A brass shouldered ring. Balls

Experiment Name: Measurement of Impact of Jet on Flat Plate Vane and Hemispherical Cup. Introduction:  Impact of jets apparatus enables experiments to be carried out on the reaction force produced on Vanes when a jet of water impacts on to the vane. The study of these reaction forces is an essential step in the subject of mechanics of fluids which can be applied to hydraulic machinery such as the Peloton wheel and the impulse turbine. The jet is directed on to the vanes of a turbine wheel, which is rotated by the force generated on the vanes due to the momentum change or impulse that taken position as the jet hit the vane. Water turbines working on this impulse principle have been constructed with outputs of the order of 100000 kW and with efficiencies greater than 90%. Objectives:   To determine the momentum experimentally through impact of jet experiment.    To investigate the reaction force produced by the impact of a jet of water on to v

Experiment Name: Determine of Aggregate Impact Value Test: BS 812 Purpose of the test:   The Impact value of an aggregate is the percentage loss of weight particles passing 2.36mm sieve by the application of load by means of 15 blows of standard hammer and drop, under specified test condition. AIV gives A relative measure of the resistance of an aggregate to sudden impact, which is differs from withstand to slowly applied compressive load .The value is great than 30, the result is may be   exceptional. Aggregate size 14mm is not appropriate to the AIV test. Apparatus: a. Impact testing machine: i. A cylindrical hammer of 13.5kg (30 lbs) sliding freely between two vertical supports (guides). ii. Decline automatically adjusted to the height of 0.38m. iii. The Brass plate over which an open cylindrical steel cup of  internal diameter 0.102m and 0.05m depth placed and fixed to the Brass pebble.  b. Tamping r od of 10mm d iameter and 230 long round