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Measurement of Impact of Jet on Flat Plate Vane and Hemispherical Cup lab report

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Experiment Name: Measurement of Impact of Jet on Flat Plate Vane and Hemispherical Cup. Introduction:  Impact of jets apparatus enables experiments to be carried out on the reaction force produced on Vanes when a jet of water impacts on to the vane. The study of these reaction forces is an essential step in the subject of mechanics of fluids which can be applied to hydraulic machinery such as the Peloton wheel and the impulse turbine. The jet is directed on to the vanes of a turbine wheel, which is rotated by the force generated on the vanes due to the momentum change or impulse that taken position as the jet hit the vane. Water turbines working on this impulse principle have been constructed with outputs of the order of 100000 kW and with efficiencies greater than 90%. Objectives:   To determine the momentum experimentally through impact of jet experiment.    To investigate the reaction force produced by the impact of a j...
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Standard Test Method (ASTM D5) for Penetration of Bituminous Materials lab report

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EXPERIMENT NAME : Standard Test Method (ASTM D5) for Penetration of Bituminous Materials. Purpose of the Test Consistency of a bituminous material expressed as the distance in tenths of a millimeter that a standard needle vertically penetrates a sample of the material under known conditions of loading, time, and temperature. 1.        The penetration test is using as a measure of the consistency. Greater values of penetration determine softer steady. 2.       The test is widely used all over the world for classifying bituminous materials into different grades. 3.       Rely on upon the weather condition and types of construction, bitumen of various penetration grade are using. Generally using grade are 30/40, 60/70 and 80/100. 4.       In warmer regions, lower penetration grades are preferred and in colder regions bitumen with higher penetration values a...
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Standard test method (ASTM D36) for Softening point of bitumin (Ring and ball apparatus ) lab report

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Experiment Name : Standard test method (ASTM D36) for Softening point of bitumin (Ring and ball apparatus ) Purpose of the test : 1. This method is useful in  determining the consistency of bitumen  as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments or sources of supply. 2. melting point is the temperature at which the bituminous binders have an equal viscosity (i.e. the consistency of all the grades will be same at the softening point e.g. if two samples have softening points of 30 °C and 80 °C respectively, both will have the same  consistency  at their softening point.). 3.The test given idea of the temperature at which the bitumin materials attain a particular viscosity. 4.Bitumen with higher softening point may be preferred in warmer places. 5.Softening point should be higher than the hottest day temperature, which is anticipated in that area otherwise bitumen may sufficiently soften. APPARATUS Rings   : A brass sh...
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